As can be read above, that outer shell is contracted through the effects of relativity. Its outer shell is filled, whereas gold’s outer shell isn’t, so gold can use that empty spot to form a bond with other gold atoms. Mercury has one more electron more than gold. In 2013, chemists finally figured out why that is… because of relativity. Not only is it silver in colour, it’s also liquid at room temperature. Mercury is right next to gold on the periodic table but is a completely different metal.Why mercury is a liquid at room temperature.Plus this distance becomes small enough that a gold electron can manage with blue light, which is less energetic. This means that less energy is needed for an electron to hop to the outer shell. At the same time, their circle of orbit gets smaller to maintain constant angular momentum. Due to the electrons moving close to the speed of light, their mass increases too (by about 20%). This big core pulls so hard on the electrons that they orbit the core at massive speeds. The periodic table will tell you that a gold atom contains 79 protons. For the same reason, tomatoes look red because they absorb green light. Gold absorbs much more blue light than other metals, which makes it appear yellow to us- yellow and blue are complementary colours. Gold, on the other hand, is a unique metal with its yellowish tint. Silver, aluminium, mercury and potassium are very different kinds of metals, but they all have a silvery colour. Meaning that, with a working fusion power station, the lithium in your phone battery and 3 litres of water could produce enough energy for one person to use for seven years! Deuterium naturally occurs in water (~0.015% of hydrogen in water) and tritium is produced using lithium. Plus, because energy is always conserved, the neutron contains a lot of energy to balance the reaction. Using Einstein’s equation, the joint energy of the two light nuclei is greater than the heavy nucleus product. During fusion, extremely high temperatures of over 1 million ☌ are needed to force two light nuclei (usually isotopes of hydrogen – deuterium and tritium) to join to make one larger nucleus (helium) and a neutron. Nuclear fusion is the process that fuels the sun. That means that you can generate massive amounts of energy from very little: one pellet of nuclear fuel, the size of a rubber at the end of a pencil, produces roughly the same amount of electricity as 1,000 kg of coal. The rest of the mass is entirely converted into energy. Nuclear fission is a process in which a very heavy atom, such as uranium, breaks up into two smaller atoms that have a total mass that is smaller than the original uranium atom.
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